Burner



Apr. 1o, 1923. 1,451,063

A. R. ANTHONY BURNER Filed Nov. l2, 1920 Patented Apr. 10, 1923.

ALFRED R. ANTHONY, OF DETROIT, 'MICHIGAN.

BURNER.

Application led November 12, 1920. Serial No. 423,707.

To all whom t 'may concern:

Ee it known that l, Lrnnn l. ANTHONY, a citizen of the United States,and residing at Detroit, Wayne County, l ate of Michigan, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Burners, of which the followingis a specification.

The present invention relates to oil burners. The principal object ofthe present invention is to provide an improved construction at thefront end of the burner for thoroughlyv atomining the fuel and mixing itwith the air and at the same time obtain a relatively short flame. 'Fothese ends the fuel tube is provided at its front end with a pluralityof series of holes spaced along the length thereof adapted to dischargeair t0 intersect the jet of fuel. rFliese holes may be inclined so as togive the air a whirling motion to thereby restrict the length of theflame obtained with the burner.

Another feature of novelty resides in the structure of t-he tip of whatmay be termed the air tube. This tip is provided with a circular seriesof holes at its front end so that air is discharged into the stream ofmixture issuing from the end of the fuel tube. Preferably the holes inthis tip are inclined both to the axis of the burner andcircumferentially so that the air is given a whirling motion as itissues from these holes.

Other objects and features of novelty will be apparent from thedescription taken in connection with the drawings in which,

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through al burner having thepresent invention incorporated therein;

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 2 2 ofFigure 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 8 3 ofFigure 1;

Fig. 4l is a sectional elevation taken substantially on the line 4-4 ofFigure 1; and

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation through the tip of the air tube takensubstantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 1.

Referring to the drawings the numeral 10 designates the hollow body ofthe burner having its opposite ends open and formed at one side with amain air inlet 11 and at another side with a by-pass air inlet 12, asdescribed in my application ySerial No. 245,930 filed July 20, 1918. Afuel tube 13 is provided and has an enlargement 1li, at

one end thereof, this enlargement vbeing threaded into the opening 15 atone end of the body 10 thereby closing said opening. An air tube 16 isdisposed around the fuel tube 13 being threaded on the enlargement 14and being spaced from the fuel tube 13 to form the air passage 17, theair tube 16 near its inner end having apertures which open into anannular chamber 19 communieating with the by-pass air inlet 12, whichlatter is adapted to continuously supply air to the passage 17surrounding the fuel tube The air tube 16 is spaced from the walls ofthe burner body to provide a second air passage 2O communicating withthe main air inlet 1l and separated from the by-pass air inlet 12 by thepartition 21 formed in the burner body. The inner end of the fuel tubeor pipe 13 is provided with a suitably threaded aperture 22 forconnection to a fuel supply. The fuel tube may be in two parts. theforward end being in the from of a cap 23. r-rs shown this cap isthreaded on a reduced section 24C of the tube. rlhe wall of the. cap isprovided with a plurality of series of holes through which air from thepassage 17 is discharged to intersect the jet of fuel issuing from theaperture 25 at the end of the reduced portion 24 of the fuel tube.

ln the form of the invention illustrated, three series of holes areformed in the wall of the cap. @ne series of holes 26 is located just infront of the fuel aperture 25. As clearly shown in Figure 2 of thedrawings, the holes 26 are inclined to the radial so that the airissuing from the same is given a whirling motion in the chamber 27 ofthe cap. Furthermore from an inspection of Figure 1 it will be seen thatthe holes 26' are inclined to the axis of the tube so that the air isdischarged with a forward component of velocity as well as tangentiallyor whirling. i second series of holes 28 is disposed a slight distancein advance of the series 26. Preferably the bore of the cap is slightlyenlarged as at 29 in order to accommodate the greater volume of mixture.lt will be noted that the holes 28 are inclined both to the axis of thecap and circumferentially. Preferably in order to get a betteratomization and a shorter flame, the circumferential inclination of theholes 28 is opposite to that of the holes 26. In other words, the airdischarged from holes 28 is given a whirling motion in an oppositedirection to that issuing from the holes 26, ln the forni of theinvention shown there is another series of holes through the Wall of thecap, these holes being indicated at 30. Like the other holes they areinclined both to the axis of the cap and circumferentially and dischargeinto a chamber 31 which is of larger diameter than the charnbcr 29.

A cap 32 is adjustably mounted on the air tube 16 and has a conical endWall 33, the inner surface 34 of which is parallel and adapted tocontact with the conical tip 35 of the cap 23. In a similar' manner thebody of the burner has a cap 36 provided with an inner conical surface37 which may contact with the outer conical surface 38 of the cap 32.The end Wall of the 'cap 32 is provided vwith a series of holes 39 whichare inclined both to the axis of the burner and circumfercntially, sothat the air discharged tl'icrefrom is given a uf'hirling motion inaccordance With the circumferential inclination of said holes.

1n the operation of the burner the jet of fuel issuing from the aperture25 is intersected by the whirling air discharged through the holes 26.This whirling air, of course, atomizes the jet and reduces its forwardvelocity. Then the mixture is intersected by the whirling air from thenext series of holes, that is, the holes 23, and as this air ispreferably whirling in the opposite direction, the forward velocity ofthe mixture is again retarded. A similar action results from the holes30. It will be observed that the chambers 26, 29 and 31 increase indiameter, this being desirable in order to accommodate the quantities ofair discharged through the holes in the cap. As the mixture leaves thecap 23 it is further broken up by the air issuing from the holes 39 inthe cap 32. lf desired, the holes 39 may be disposed so as to Whirl theair in the opposite direction from that of the holes 30 which results ina further slowing up of the forward velocity of the mixture. Of coursethese alternate whirlings of the air tend to shorten the flame from theburner and at the same time give a very efficient and thorough mixing ofthe fuel and air. The plurality of series of holes disposed so that theair is fed successively, breaks up the oil much finer and mixes itbetter with the air than if a single series of holes were employed. rEheair issuing from the holes 39 -further mixes the air and fuel and thefinal regulation as to the length of the flame may be obtained bydischarging a conical stream of air from between the caps 32 and 36. lndesigning the burner t .e number of series of holes in the cap on thefuel tube will be determined in accordance with the pressure of the air,If the burner is to be used with high pressure, a less number of seriesof holes is required than When a lower pressure is employed.

Having thus described the invention what is claimed as new and desiredto be secured hv Letters Patent is:

il l. An oil burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tubetherein said tube having a chamber at its forward end open at the tip ofthe tube and said tube also having an an aperture for discharging a jetinto said chamber', the Wall of the fuel tube surrounding the chamberhaving a plurality of series of holes therethrough spaced along thelength of the chamber, each series comprising` a plurality of holesspaced circumferentially of the wall one series being inclined forwardlytoward the axis of the chamber and one series being inclined in acircumferential direction to discharge the air into the chamber' with awhirling motion.

2. An oil burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube thereinsaid tube having a chamber at its forward end open at the tip of thetube and said tube also having an aperture for discharging a jet intosaid chamber, the Wall of the fuel tube surrounding the chamber having aplurality of series of holes therethrough spaced along the length of thechamber, each series comprising a plurality of holes spacedcircumferentially of the Wall and one series being inclined in acircumferential direction to discharge the air into the chamber with awhirling motion.

3. An oil burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube thereinhaving a discharge aperture near its end, a cap also Within said bodyand on the end of the tube said cap having an axially extending cha-mberopen at its tip, said chamber increasing in diameter from the fueldischarge opening of the tube to its other end, the Wall of said capsurrounding the chamber having a plurality of series of holes spacedalong the length of the chamber, each series comprising a plurality ofholes spaced circumferentially of the cap.

t. An oil burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube thereinhaving a discharge aperture near its end, a cap Ialso Within the body onthe end ofthe tube said cap having an axially extending chamber open atits tip, the Wall of said cap surroundingl the chamber having aplurality of series of holes spaced along the length of the chamber,each series comprising a plurality of holes spaced circumferentially ofthe cap and inclined forwardly toward the axis of the cap and one seriesbeing inclined in a circumferential direction to discharge theair intothe chamber With a Whirl'- ing motion.

5. An oil burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube thereinhaving a discharge aperture near its end, a cap on the end of the tubehaving an axially extending chamber open at its tip, and increasing indiameter from said aperture to the tip of the cap, the Wall' of the capsurrounding the chamber having a plurality of series of holes spacedalong the length of the chamber, each series comprising a plurality ofholes spaced circumferentially of the cap.

6. As an article of manufacture a fuel tube cap of tubular form havingan axial opening therethrough consisting of a plurality of sections ofdifferent diameters and the wallof the cap having a plurality of seriesof holes, there being a series for each of said sections and each seriescomprising a. plurality of holes spaced circumferentially of the cap.

7. As an article of manufacture a fuel tube cap of tubular form havingan axial opening therethrough and the wall of the cap having a pluralityof series of holes spaced along its length, each series comprising aplurality of holes spaced circumferentially of the cap, the holes of oneseries being inclined to the axis of the cap and the holes of one seriesbeing inclined in a circumferential direction to radii of the cap.

8. A fuel burner .including in combination a bodiy, a fuel tube therein,an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage between the airtube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube to intersect thefuel jet issuing from the fuel tube, and means to discharge air fromsaid passage to intersect the mixture comprising a circular series ofholes at the end of the air tube.

9. A fuel burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube therein,an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage between the airtube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube to intersect thefuel jet issuing from the fuel tube, and moans to discharge air fromsaid passage to intersect the mixture comprising a circular series ofholes at the end of the air ,tube inclined: circumferentially to theradial.

l0. A fuel burner including in combination, a body,'a fuel tube therein,an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage between the airtube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube to intersect thefuel jet issuing from the fuel tube, and means to` discharge air fromsaid passage to intersect the mixture comprising a circular series ofholes at the end of the air tube inclined to the -axis of the tube.

1l. A fuel burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube therein,an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage between the airtube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube to intersect thefuel jet issuing from the fuel tube, and means to discharge air fromsaid passage to intersect the mixture comprising a circular series ofholes at the end of the air tube inclined both circumferentially andaxially from the radial.

l2. A fuel burner including in combination, a body, a fuel tube therein,an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage between the airtube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube to intersect thefuel `iet issuing from the fuel tube, a hollow cap on the end of the airtube having a conical end surface and formed with a circular series ofholes adjacent said end to deliver air to intersect the mixture, and acap on the body having a conical surface the elements of which aresubstantially parallel to corresponding elements of said first mentionedconical surface.

13. A fuel burner including in combina- `tion, a body, a fuel tubetherein, an air tube around the fuel tube, and an air passage betweenthe air tube and body, means to discharge air from the air tube tointersect the fuel jet issuing from the fuel tube and means` todischarge air from said passage to intersect the mixture comprising acircular series of holes at the end of the air tube, and means todeliver an annular conical stream of air into the mixture.

14.-. As an article of manufacture a hollow air cap for fuel burnerscomprising a hollow cylindrical part, said part having a thin conicalwall extending inwardly at one end thereof, said. wall having a centralaperture and formed with holes extending therethrough from thecylindrical surface to said aperture.

l5. As an article of manufacture a hollow air cap for fuel burnerscomprising a hollow cylindrical part, said part having a thin wallextending inwardly at one end thereof, said wall having a centralaperture and formed with holes extending therethrough from thecylindrical surface to said aperture, said holes being inclinedcircumferentially to the radial.

16. As an article of manufacture a hollow air cap for fuel burnerscomprising a hollow cylindrical part, said part having a thin wallextending inwardly at one end thereof, said wall having a centralaperture and formedwith holes extending therethrough from thecylindrical surface to said aperture, said holes being inclined to thelongitudinal axis of said cap and also inclined circumferentially to theradial.

ln testimony whereof I aiiix my signature.

ALFRED R. ANTHONY.

lut)

